Cumberland Plateau/Ridge & Valley Ecoregion

This ecoregion is located in the far northwest part of the state.  Geology plays a clear and visible role here: Different types of sedimentary rock form clear vertical layers, with natural communities changing accordingly.  Erosion resistant sandstone often cap the ridges, which have dry forests, stunted trees, scenic views, and towering rock outcroppings.  In contrast, valley floors are underlain by more easily eroded limestone that fosters rich forests with extravagant spring wildflower displays, as well as unique calcareous fens, glades, and prairies with many rare species.

Upland Forest and Woodland Communities
Mesic Forests
​Dry Calcareous Forests
​Acidic Oak-Pine Forests
Pine-Oak Woodlands
Montane Longleaf Woodlands

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Open Communities:  Prairies, Glades, Barrens, Cliffs, Bluffs, and Rock Outcrops
Calcareous Prairies and Barrens
​Acidic Glades and Barrens
Calcareous Glades and Barrens (Cedar Glades)
​Acidic Cliffs and Outcrops
  
Wetland Communities
​Acidic Seepage Wetlands
Bottomlands, Floodplains, and Riparian Zones